A glaucoma is a group of conditions that all lead to progressive optic nerve damage (neuropathy). This nerve damage affects the visual system by damaging and ultimately killing the retinal ganglion cells that transmit visual information from the retina to the brain. Although glaucoma may not be considered solely as an “eye disease,” the bottom line is damage to or degeneration of the optic nerve. A variety of risk factors may contribute to the structural (nerve damage) and functional (vision loss) damage associated with glaucoma, high intraocular pressure being a significant factor in glaucomatous nerve damage. Glaucoma can result in vision loss and blindness. However, with early detection and treatment, you can often protect your eyes against serious vision loss. Not necessarily. Not every person with increased eye pressure will develop glaucoma. Some people can tolerate higher levels of eye pressure better than others. Also, a certain level of eye pressure may be high for one person but normal for another. Whether you develop glaucoma depends on the level of pressure your optic nerve can tolerate without being damaged. This level is different for each person. That’s why a comprehensive dilated eye exam is very important. It can help your eye care professional determine what level of eye pressure is normal for you.
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