Several conditions that affect the retina, vitreous, and macula in the rear of the eye are treated by vitrectomy surgery. The vitreous, a liquid gel found at the back of the eye, must be removed in order to perform this procedure. The eye's ability to function is unaffected by the absence of vitreous gel. Three minuscule incisions close to the front of the eye are used to insert instruments. A fiberoptic lamp is inserted into the first incision to illuminate the interior of the eye. A tiny portable cutting tool is used to remove the vitreous gel through the second incision. As the vitreous gel is removed, a saline solution is infused into the eye through the third incision. The body swaps the saline with its own fluids. A gas or silicone oil bubble may occasionally be inserted into the eye. The eye's own fluid gradually absorbs the gas bubble and takes its place. Up to eight weeks may pass before this gas leaves the eye. Patients are not allowed to fly or travel to high altitudes while the bubble is present because changes in air pressure could cause the bubble to enlarge and increase pressure inside the eye.
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